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Anxiety is among the most prevalent mental health issues that affects 40 million adults in the United States. Many types of medications are available to treat it.

SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) and SNRIs (serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors), like Zoloft, Prozac, Lexapro and Effexor, work to alleviate anxiety by raising levels of the chemical serotonin in the brain. They're not addictive, as are benzodiazepines.

SSRIs

The most commonly used anxiety medication is selective serotonin reuptake inhibits (SSRIs) which include citalopram, escitalopram, and fluoxetine. These medications also treat depression, and they can help relieve symptoms associated with other anxiety disorders, including obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). It could take up to a month to start working.

These drugs to treat anxiety increase the production of certain chemical messengers in the brain, including serotonin and norepinephrine. These medications are typically the first choice to treat anxiety, though doctors may also prescribe other types of antidepressants and benzodiazepines.

Another class of antidepressants known as serotonin and norepinephrine-reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) such as duloxetine (Cymbalta) and venlafaxine (Effexor), are also used to treat anxiety. They operate a bit differently than SSRIs, as they also reduce the reabsorption of norepinephrine as well as serotonin, although at lower levels than SSRIs. These medicines take a long time to be effective and are more expensive than SSRIs.

Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) like imipramine (Tofranil), can be effective in treating some anxiety disorders, particularly GAD. Their drowsiness, as well as other side effects are what make them less well-liked. Monoamine oxide inhibitors (MAOIs) are a different kind of antidepressant that can be used to treat anxiety. Their high risk of toxicity and restrictions on diets limit their use.

Benzodiazepines are frequently used to treat anxiety and panic attacks in the short term like when you wait for SSRIs or SNRIs to take effect. These medications can cause addiction, tolerance, and sedation as well as withdrawal symptoms such a depression, anxiety, and delirium. Benzodiazepines are typically found in alprazolam as well as clonazepam and lorazepam.

Therapy is an essential component of a treatment plan for anxiety because it allows you to understand your symptoms and the causes. Many people find that therapy and medication both help them cope. Certain studies have proven that cognitive behavioral therapy can be just as effective as medication for anxiety. Talk with your doctor about your options and which is the best option for you.

Benzodiazepines

Benzodiazepines have a calming effect that reduces anxiety and relaxes muscles that are tight. They also ease symptoms of bodily stimulation related to fear (like heart rate, trembling or trembling), and promote sleep.

They function by binding to inhibitory neurons, such as GABA or gamma aminobutryic acids, at receptors within the central nervous system. They boost the effects of GABA by facilitating the inhibitory effects of GABA on other neurotransmitters, and reducing the number of messages that are sent to the amygdala. This is a region of the brain which assesses threats and creates a sense of anxiety.

These medications are sometimes taken for short durations for instance, during an attack of panic or a severe anxiety episode. They may ease symptoms within 30 to 90 minutes after taking them. Benzodiazepines, unlike SSRIs do not stay in the body for a long time. They're fast-acting and can work within a few hours. This makes them ideal for situations where quick relief is required (such for instance, during an airplane ride or prior to presenting in public).

Since they are addictive, patients are usually only prescribed them for up to four weeks at a time. They also lose effectiveness after that time.

One of the main reasons why benzodiazepines are so popular is that they are efficient and have few side effects compared to their predecessors like barbiturates and meprobamate. They are effective and have a rapid start, and can be used as anxiolytics to reduce anxiety. They can also be employed as sedatives, anticonvulsants and muscle relaxants.

Benzos have been blamed for the negative perceptions of anxiety that emerged in the 1970s and 1980s, which included the denial of the disorder and the perception that benzodiazepine treatment can lead to physical dependence. Despite this, they continue to play a significant role in the treatment of anxiety disorders, especially when used in conjunction with psychosocial interventions like cognitive behavioral therapy and interpersonal therapy.

Benzos can interact with other drugs and cause unwanted side-effects, such as drowsiness or confusion. It's important to let your doctor know about any other prescription, non-prescription, or herbal medications you are considering or taking. You can find out which medications are safe to take along with benzodiazepines by looking up the British National Formulary A-Z list of medication interactions.

Antidepressants

Antidepressants can reduce anxiety and other mental health problems. According to the Anxiety and Depression Association of America, antidepressants -- like SSRIs and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) -- can help reduce chronic anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorders and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The FDA has approved several antidepressants for other health conditions, too, such as eating disorders, certain types of pain, and bipolar disorder.

SSRIs are typically prescribed as a first-line treatment for anxiety by doctors, however they may not work for everyone. If these antidepressants don't work, the doctor may try an older type known as a tetracyclic or tricyclic antidepressant. They include amitriptyline, nortriptyline and clomipramine. These antidepressants are not as popular but still available. You can also ask your doctor to prescribe the sedating antidepressant trazodone(Desyrel) at lower doses if you are experiencing anxiety or sleep problems.

Other antidepressants that can help include Nefazodone (Ferdinand) and duloxetine (Cymbalta). They are also available in generic forms. If they don't work, your doctor may try the antipsychotics quetiapine and olanzapine or the tranquilizing antidepressant Mirtazapine.

Beta blockers are used to treat anxiety disorders. They lower blood pressure and heart rate by blocking adrenaline. These drugs are not usually used to treat anxiety alone however they can be effective if coupled with psychotherapy.

Psychotherapy can help you to alter negative thoughts and behaviors that cause anxiety. It can help you control your anxiety and learn strategies for coping. Depending on the severity of your problem, exposure therapy or cognitive behavior therapy might be recommended. Cognitive behavioural therapy can help you learn to challenge unhelpful thoughts, fearful thoughts and to overcome the fear of situations that trigger anxiety. Exposure therapy involves gradually increasing the level of anxiety-inducing situations until you are able to handle them. It can be performed either in a group, or by yourself. In both instances, it takes time to achieve results. Some people find that the combination of medication and psychotherapy is the best option. Some people find that medication alone is sufficient to treat symptoms. Tell your doctor how do you treat anxiety without medication you manage your symptoms.

Other Medications

Other medications can also aid in relieving your symptoms. Antihistamines, beta blockers, and buspirone are all prescribed to alleviate anxiety.

These medications correct an imbalance in your brain chemicals and can help alleviate symptoms by reducing or blocking signals that trigger anxiety and stress. But, they're not a cure all. You'll still have to do other things to control your anxiety, including exercises, relaxation techniques, and psychological therapy.

SSRIs or SNRIs are your most commonly prescribed anxiety medications that your doctor might prescribe. According to research, these medications are the most effective for treating anxiety disorders. Common SSRIs include sertraline (Zoloft) as well as fluoxetine (Prozac), citalopram (Celexa) and escitalopram (Lexapro). These drugs may cause minor adverse effects, like insomnia or nausea, but they usually subside within 4-8 weeks. Unlike the benzodiazepines, they're not addictive and don't increase your risk for suicidal thoughts.

The benzodiazepines, such as alprazolam, clonazepam, and diazepoxide, (Valium), provide immediate relief from panic and anxiety attacks. However, they can cause side effects such as dizziness and drowsiness. They may also cause problems with coordination and memory, and may even cause dependence. These are less popular than the older barbiturates, but they are equally effective.

Antihistamines like Vistaril (hydroxyzine) are developed to relieve allergies, but they're also sometimes used to reduce anxiety symptoms. Hydroxyzine blocks the histamine receptors in the brain and can cause the body to relax. It is not a controlled substance and therefore doesn't have the same risks of addiction as benzodiazepines.

Anticonvulsants are an additional type of medication which can help with anxiety. They have been found to reduce anxiety by interfering in the production and release of dopamine and sérotonin. These medications may be prescribed as a part of an integrated therapy or to treat anxiety in the short-term. Your doctor will examine your medical history and symptoms to determine if these medications are suitable for you. They will also discuss the length of time you'll need to take these medications and any adverse effects that could occur. Anxiety medications are only available by prescription, so it is necessary to see a psychiatrist to prescribe it.